Hospitals employing physicians drives up costs compared to physicians who are not hospital employed for the same service.

“This comprehensive study documents that Medicare and Medicaid pay more for physician services if a hospital employs the physician. The details are here: file:///C:/Users/william/Desktop/JAMA%20Network%20_%20JAMA/Hospital%20employing%20physicians%20drives%20up%20costs..pdf  “Bill Chesnut, MD